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From the TurfNet NewsDesk

  • John Reitman
    It's that time of year again. No, we're not talking about the run-up to rapidly approaching The Masters. We're talking about the lead-in to the summer weed season, which is coming just as quickly.   Each spring, as turf breaks free from its dormant slumber, other things are awakening underground.   The positive attributes of yellow nutsedge begin - and end - with its vibrant, lime-green color. After that, it's all downhill for this invasive and hard-to-control plant.   There are two types of nutsedge that are problematic for turf managers in the United States - yellow and purple.   Nutsedge germinates usually in April or May, depending on geographic location and climate. Both yellow and purple varieties grow from tubers, or nutlets, that grow at the end of rhizomes, and a single plant is capable of producing hundreds of new tubers in a single growing season.  According to research at Penn State, each tuber has numerous buds, each of which can produce several new plants.    Yellow nutsedge is at home in wet conditions, so eliminating overwatering and improving drainage in trouble spots can help, but it can survive just fine in drier conditions, too. After germination, the plant thrives throughout summer as it works to outcompete cool-season turf. It is prolific at reproduction and spreads rapidly to other areas defined by poorly draining soils.   Sedges are tolerant to mowing, and although they often look like many grass species, they can be easy to spot, according to information from Purdue University, not only due to their bright, lime-green color, but because they grow faster than the turf they invade.   By mid-summer, plants begin to add new tubers that set the stage for recurring problems in the future, according to data published by North Carolina State University.   While it typically is considered a summer problem, yellow nutsedge is a cold-tolerant pest and often hangs on until the first frost, according to Penn State data. Frost will kill the lush, leafy plant above ground, but does nothing to thwart the tubers below the surface.   Preventive and post-emergent control options, according to university research include mesotrione or a combination of sulfentrazone and prodiamine. Post-emergent control recommendations include halosulfuron and flazasulfuron.   Purple nutsedge is a different animal. Unlike yellow nutsedge, which is native to the U.S., purple nutsedge is an invasive species that made its way over from India. Confined mostly to the southwestern and southeastern parts of the U.S., it thrives in warm-season turf. As is the case with other sedges, it thrives in wet soils, but isn't limited to damp conditions.   It is unique in that tubers often are connected underground by a matrix of rhizomes, making it much more difficult to control, as per University of Arizona research.   The same products that work to control yellow nutsedge also are effective against purple nutsedge, according to North Carolina State University data. 
  • For more than five decades, children throughout northwestern Ohio had a love-hate relationship with Dr. Charles Spragg.   The pain they might have endured as patients  with Spragg's dental practice in Findlay, Ohio, was only temporary, but the opportunities he provided to generations of kids as an advocate for youth golf will last a lifetime.   Now, that relationship is relegated to memory.    Spragg, who co-founded the Findlay Area Golf Association more than 40 years ago and served as its only president, died March 27 at his winter home in Bradenton, Florida. He was 76.    "The news of Doc has been pretty tough to swallow," said University of Cincinnati men's golf coach Doug Martin, a former PGA Tour professional who grew up playing in the association Spragg started. "His legacy is that he will go down as one of the most influential people in Hancock County.   "Anyone who met Charlie was touched by Charlie."   Known simply as "Doc", Spragg arguably impacted the game in northwestern Ohio more than anyone short of Jack Nicklaus. He loved kids and he loved golf, and he recognized the importance of growing the game through youngsters years ahead of industry initiatives. Long before The First Tee, the youth golf league that Spragg founded in 1975 introduced the game to hundreds of children, providing them with instruction and a competitive environment. He also spent the past four years as Findlay High School's boys golf coach.   Martin's father, Lynn, was a local high school coach and golf legend, and was among a small group of civic leaders who helped co-found the Findlay association that also produced former University of Michigan women's coach Cheryl Stacey.   "Look at Charlie. Whatever he touches is done in a first-class manner. There was no doing things second-rate with him," Martin said. "The Findlay Area Golf Association wasn't about Charlie; it was about growing the game. There was no financial interest. It was strictly about boys and girls in northwest Ohio playing golf."   The FAGA also promotes life skills such as sportsmanship, integrity, honesty and respect. Hard work and perseverance are recognized with player-of-the-year and sportsmanship awards as well as scholarship assistance for graduating high school seniors who have played in the system for at least three years.   "He loved the game, loved the kids and he enjoyed watching us grow up," Martin said. "He helped keep us out of trouble. It was known that if you played in his association, you were going to do it the right way. He demanded that."   Through the years, the Findlay association touched hundreds if not thousands of local youths.   "My greatest reward was that we started something that has survived for 40 years," Spragg told TurfNet in 2014. "We've had some of the greatest kids you could ever want. It's been rewarding to watch them play, go on to college and succeed in their lives. It's always a reward when you see young people succeed."   Jordan Schroeder, head pro at Findlay Country Club, was the recipient of the association's Dr. Charles Spragg Male Player of the Year Award in 1999. Two years later, he received FAGA's Walt Whithaus Male Sportsmanship Award, which is named for the local Pizza Hut restaurateur and longtime supporter of youth golf. When handing out credit for those who helped shape his career in golf, Schroeder deferred to Spragg.   "Dr. Spragg has been a long time contributor to the development of many junior players in the area, including myself. He has donated his time over the years guiding the kids and helping them become the people they are today," Schroeder said. "As a former FAGA Sportsman of the Year and Player of the Year, FAGA gave me the opportunity to compete at local golf courses, develop my skills, and have fun playing golf with my friends. I truly thank him for all of the time, work, and effort he has put in for junior golf in the Findlay area."   The association was started by a group of civic leaders that included Spragg initially as a way to promote the game to players of all ages, but organizers soon realized the association's future was in promoting the game to children. Each year, the association conducts 10 tournaments at local courses, with boys and girls players segregated by age rather than a USGA index, followed by a season-ending championship at Findlay Country Club. Registration fees are $30 for the year, with tournament fees of $16 per player for 18 holes and $14 for nine holes (for younger players), including a hotdog and drink.   The program has been equally economical for local sponsors who are asked to pay $300 each, the same fee they paid in FAGA's inaugural year of 1975, to help keep the association afloat.   A native of Bridgeport, Ohio, Spragg graduated from Ohio State's dental school in 1965 and joined the Army soon after. He spent four years and two months in the service, including three years at a military hospital in Germany. He says he learned a lifetime of dentistry in those four-plus years. It was during his last year of dental school at Ohio State that he learned an appreciation for golf.   His most memorable playing experiences include Augusta National, Pebble Beach and Olympia Fields. "My wife doesn't ask me anymore if' I'm playing," Spragg told TurfNet. "She asks when is my next tee time."   While early FAGA tournaments were on the brink of 100 players, today tournaments boast 30 to 40 participants as golf clubs take a back seat to travel sports leagues, video games and other distractions.   Those who come out to play each week do so, Spragg said, for the love of the game.   "You'll see some kids who've just taken up the game come out and shoot 140 or 150 over 18 holes, but they don't quit," he had said. "The next week, there they are again, trying to get better. To me, that is the best reward of all, to keep them involved in doing something positive and trying harder each week."
  • Long before the phrase "fake news" became part of the pop culture vernacular, stopping the spread of misinformation was an oft-used tactic in golf.   Before anyone waives a finger at the turf media crying "fake news,", let it be known that the purveyors of false truths in this business often are golfers who do not have the correct information about what is going on at their golf course. Uninformed and left to their own devices, they will draw their own conclusions about why there is dead turf on No. 3 or dry spots on the 15th green. If there are issues with irrigation coverage or an onslaught of anthracnose sweeping through the Mid-Atlantic, they don't know the truth if someone does not take time to tell them. All they know is it appears someone is not doing their job, and that's when trouble can begin.   John Cunningham, CGCS, the director of agronomy and assistant general manager at Bellerive Country Club in St. Louis always believed he was pretty good at communicating with members during a career that has included stops at handful of top clubs across three states. Today, he knows he's a great communicator, and he has a golfer at the Four Seasons Resort in Irving, Texas to thank for it.   "I had a green chairman at the Four Seasons who was a communications executive with a Fox affiliate, and he always told me, 'John, you can never over-communicate,' " Cunningham said. "That has always stuck with me."   That ability also has come in handy for Cunningham, as well as many other professional turf managers.    Nowadays, Cunningham writes a newsletter and sends out numerous emails to his members about what is taking place. Whether it is something simple about the ins and outs of hand-water or hydrojecting, and how both can help him and his team maximize playing conditions or what is being done to repair bentgrass greens that didn't make it through the summer, Cunningham keeps his members in the know about everything.   "Communication is like managing turf: It can be preventive or curative," he said. "I prefer preventive over curative. I'd rather spend time on the front end. For those who say they don't have time to always send out emails ahead of time, tell me when you're having to put out fires how much time that takes.   "Our job is to put out fake news."   Whether it's Twitter, Facebook, email, a newsletter or some other avenue doesn't much matter, as long as it reaches members, Cunningham said.   "You have the ability to snap a picture with your phone and in five minutes let everyone in on what is going on ," he said.   "A lot of members here don't play golf every week. They don't know what is going on here all the time. Our approach is to take everyone along for the ride," he said. "When you do newsletter, do you print it put it on wall in locker room? Is that old school? I don't think so. It's just another platform."   His members appreciate being kept in the loop about everything that is taking place on their property.   "I just want to know what is going on said Tom Schneider, M.D., a St. Louis-area surgeon and a former green chairman at Bellerive. "People are always asking questions. It's better for everyone to see what is going on. That helps keep the rumors away.   "Surprises are terrible in this kind of environment."   Josh Clevenger also learned the fine art of communication from a golfing member at Claremont Country Club in California.   When Clevenger was hired as an assistant about seven years ago under longtime superintendent Randy Gai, Claremont's green chairman was an advertising executive "who would bang his hand on the table and say 'you can't communicate enough,' " Clevenger said.   To that end, Clevenger maintains a blog, sends out periodic emails, writes a weekly report for the club web site and, just as important, spends time where golfers can have access to him.   "On Saturday mornings, I spend time in the golf shop," he said. "Blogging is one thing. It's another to be face to face with people who don't go on the blog.   "I should have minored in communication for all the writing I do."   Communicating with golfers is a journey, not a destination, says Matt Ceplo of Rockland Country Club in Sparkill, New York, because no matter how much information a superintendent tries to share with golfers, a sizeable chunk of the target population won't ever see it.   "I'm not saying it's not important. I'm not saying don't do it," Ceplo said. "Do more. Just don't assume it is all read. That's why it's also important to be visible and answer questions."   It is equally important, Ceplo said, to communicate all of your good news. When the course is purring along on all eight cylinders, that is when superintendents often have freedom for pet projects and other things.   "If you are hosting a girl scout troop and that gets picked up in the paper, members get a kick out of that. They enjoy that. As long as you have good greens, tees and fairways you can do things like that," Ceplo said. "You don't want them to see you hosting a bird count if you have dead greens. You have to pick and choose places and be aware that everything fits in a pecking order."   There is more to being successful than communicating only with golfers. Since superintendents largely operate behind the scenes, at least compared with other departments within a golf facility, it is important to educate those who might be asked to speak on your behalf.   "I have a pro who is a great communicator and is very supportive of me," Clevenger said. "Keeping him in the loop is important, making sure he and his staff have the right information and answers for golfers."   Communicating across departments was imperative when Cunningham was at the Four Seasons, a resort property with a hotel, two golf courses, an annual PGA Tour event and 800-plus employees.   "The reservations department has to know what was planned for the golf course 16 months from now when someone is booking it," he said.    "Everyone knew what was going on. Everyone worked together."   That's good, because fake news and surprises are terrible in this business.
  • The disappointment in Ed Nangle's voice is unmistakeable when he talks about what a "bad" year it has been so far for snow mold in northeastern Ohio.   "I am!" Nangle replied with more than just a hint of cynicism when asked if he was disappointed that his phone has not been ringing off the hook with calls from golf course superintendents eager to stem an onslaught of snow mold.   As an assistant professor of turfgrass management at Ohio State ATI and one of the country's leading experts on snow mold , Nangle has a deep appreciation for stone cold dead turf as well as the pathogens that cause it. He and a few of his colleagues shared their passion for death and destruction recently at a pink snow mold field day at the ATI campus in Wooster.   "Pictures of dead grass are always good pictures to have. As horrific as it was in 2013 and 2014, there were pictures of dead grass that I may never get again," he said.   "I know snow mold causes frustration for others, but we have to understand that we can learn something from it."   Just maybe not this year.   Warmer-than-average temperatures throughout much of the eastern half of the country have made for conditions that, generally speaking, have not been conducive to snow mold development. For example, Chardon in northeastern Ohio is known as the state's "snowiest city" with average annual snowfalls of almost 110 inches. This year, only about half that amount has fallen.   There has been little prolonged snow cover needed to promote gray snow mold. And even pink snow mold, which needs little more than cool, damp and shady conditions to blossom, has had a tough time gaining a foothold in many areas. Although a broad, sweeping cold snap throughout most of March has scientists "hopeful".   Temperatures in the eastern half of the country have been more seasonable throughout March, meaning superintendents should be on the lookout at least for pink snow mold.   "In the Northeast, up until a few weeks ago, we've had pretty mild conditions that have not been conducive to snow mold," said Bruce Clarke, Ph.D., of Rutgers University. "March is typically a month when we see snow mold.   "For pink snow mold, you don't need snow. All you need is cold, moist weather. I can only speak for New Jersey, but superintendents probably should begin scouting their course."  
    I know snow mold causes frustration for others, but we have to understand that we can learn something from it."
     
    It also is never too late to review management practices for pink snow mold.   Pink snow mold thrives in temperatures between 35 degrees and 50 degrees Fahrenheit, and isolates can grow in shade in June with temperatures as high as the upper 60s, Clarke said. The pathogen also tends to be more active in high-pH soils. He warns not over fertilize late in fall because the pathogen also thrives when late-autumn turf is lush and succulent when it should be going into dormancy.   Clarke recommends two preventive applications of a tank mix of two or more fungicides three weeks apart in late fall.    Although there are not resistance issues with pink snow mold like there is with dollar spot control, some of the older chemistries Not tremendous resistance issues, like with dollar spot, some to some of older chemistries like benzimidazole are not as efficacious as they once were, so rotating chemistries is a must.   Tank mixing improves efficacy since different strains react differently to different chemistries, Clarke noted.   "Strobilurins and DMIs together work well for us," he said. "If you put them out alone, often you don't get control. There are multiple strains, and when you put them together they seem to take care of all the strains."   That should be enough until spring, when a subsequent application should be made to bridge the gap until temperatures climb.   Some areas, however, including mountainous regions and the Pacific Northwest often have conditions conducive to year-round pink snow mold activity.   While preventive fungicide applications in late fall and the use of covers can help prevent snow mold from appearing on putting greens, it is possible to have too much of a good thing, Clarke said.    Rutgers research shows that while permeable covers can help in the fight to manage pink snow mold, two covers atop one another traps moisture and results in increased incidence of the pathogen.   When Nangle went scouting for snow mold activity in advance of the field day conducted with ATI colleague Zane Raudenbush, Ph.D., and David Gardner, Ph.D. of OSU's main campus in Columbus, he found very limited activity.   But when some is spotted and the potential for damage is real, he reminds superintendents that it is important to stay in front of the problem with golfers and members.   "Use all methods necessary to communicate," Nangle said. "Go to the USGA. Go to your local golf association. When it's a rough winter, it's a rough winter for everybody. There is going to be some damage and you have to communicate that to your membership. Make sure everyone knows what is going on, because they'll think it is only happening to them."
  • Anuvia adds to sales team
      Anuvia Plant Nutrients recently added Chuck Barber to its turf sales team.   Barber will work with Anuvia's customer accounts and will be responsible for business development, strategic planning and relationship building to promote the company's slow-release plant nutrient products.    He previously was president of global sales for Eco Agro Resources as well as national accounts sales manager for Koch Agronomic Services, developing new fertilizer business and managing existing accounts; and for Agrotain International as accounts sales manager in Eastern U.S. and Canada. He has also worked for Griffin Industries and The Scotts Co.   Aqua-Aid, UT partner on Poa Day
      Aqua-Aid is partnering with the University of Tennessee Turfgrass Department on its annual #PoaDay Field Day LIVE event that showcases the UT turfgrass department's statewide research into annual bluegrass control programs for golf courses, sports fields and lawns.   This year, #PoaDay is scheduled for March 28. The event will be streamed via Facebook LIVE through the Aqua-Aid Facebook page beginning at 9 a.m. Viewers will have the opportunity to comment and ask questions.   The event will be available for on-demand viewing via the Aqua-Aid Facebook page and Aqua-Aid website.   Topics this year will include pre- and post-emergent herbicide programs for annual bluegrass control in turfgrass, the different herbicidal modes of action used for annual bluegrass control and how to optimize programs to mitigate problems associated with herbicide resistance.   Atlantic Golf & Turf taps Silva for NE region
      Atlantic Golf & Turf recently named David Silva as its new sales support manager. He brings extensive experience in distribution, logistics and product expertise to customers in the company's Northeast region.    Silva also will be responsible for bringing a new seed blending operation on line, expanding Atlantic's capability of providing custom seed mixes to the green industry throughout the Northeast.   Silva's previous experience includes being a location manager for Winfield Solutions as well as stints with Turflinks, Lesco and Lofts/Pennington throughout his 25-year career in the green industry.     He will be based at the company's headquarters in Turners Falls, Massachusetts.  
  • Winter in Michigan typically can be a long, cold test of one's patience. Not so much this year. In fact, Kevin Frank, Ph.D., of Michigan State University has been able to do something this winter he hasn't done in a long time.   "A lot of golf courses here have been open since mid-February," Frank said. "I've played nine holes twice already this year. While playing, I've been actively scouting for snow mold, and I've found only one spot of spring snow mold so far."   The average temperature in the East Lansing area in February was 43 degrees, a full 10 degrees warmer than the historic average, according to the National Weather Service. The highest temperature recorded for the month was 66 degrees on Feb. 22. Throughout the month, the temperature dipped below the freezing point on only five occasions. Typically, half the month is spent under freezing conditions.   Superintendents throughout much of the state already have made their first PGR application, and were counting down to the second one when Mother Nature hit the reset button, with daily highs in the 20s or 30s on 11 days during the first half of March. Growing degree days began to pile up in January and February, but have accumulated at a much slower pace since.   And although March 20 is the first official day of spring, more winter weather is expected for the plains, the upper Midwest and parts of just about every state east of the Mississippi that is not named Florida.   "From my perspective, we are in uncharted territory. Some golf courses in Michigan have been open since February 18, while in some places they are still under a foot of snow," Frank said. "There is a lot of discussion about will annual bluegrass be killed from such a rapid start in February followed by single-digit temperatures in March, and much of the research data tells us that it is going to be dead, but I don't think that is going to be the case."   Even though new growth has appeared - turf in the upper Midwest has been green at least since December and in some areas has at least given the appearance of being lush since last spring - the only real threat to annual bluegrass putting greens would be any freeze-thaw cycles where standing water is a problem, thus leading to the possibility of winter damage.   "If a superintendent has annual bluegrass greens, when any snow melts off, if there is a chance to get a refreeze, I'd recommend getting the water off the greens to avoid crown hydration," Frank said.    Unseasonably warm temperatures coupled with wet conditions, especially this early in the season, could leave the turf susceptible to disease, including dollar spot. Any chance of disease associated with abnormally high temperatures likely is not a problem throughout much of the Midwest, either.   According to Rick Latin, Ph.D., of Purdue University, the long-range forecast throughout Indiana, Ohio and Michigan calls for temperatures that are cooler than average through May.   "My sense is despite the mild conditions we had in February, we have more seasonable conditions now, and that has reset the pathogen in its cycle," Latin said. "The 30-year average indicates it is going to be unseasonably (cool) between now and May.   "Things are more normal now. The grass has a grayish green to it, rather than bright green. Fungus responds to two things: temperature and moisture. If the temperature is not there, it's not going to grow, and if it doesn't grow it won't infect and cause disease. My sense "   The exception throughout Indiana, Latin said, is the threat of pink snow mold in turf that already is susceptible to stress.   "The only exception is pink snow mold," Latin said. "Where we have scars coming out of winter, in those cases, there are a lot of spores produced around those scars, and with ample moisture that will set the stage for reinfection."   There are concerns south of the Mason-Dixon Line also, where a warm winter in January and February has given way to freeze warnings in March, especially in the transition zone.   "It depends if you're talking about Bermudagrass on fairways or greens," said Brandon Horvath, Ph.D. of the University of Tennessee. "On fairways you don't have to worry at all. It takes prolonged and multiple periods of cold to set those back."   On warm-season putting greens it is a different story.   "On ultradwarf greens, anything below 25 (degrees Fahrenheit) is a cause for concern," Horvath said. "These are not killing events, but it takes multiple periods of cold temperatures to cause damage. You have to be cognizant of covering greens. A couple weeks ago  we were in the upper 20s. That's not usually a concern, but because we've been so warm, I sent out a Tweet reminding superintendents to cover greens just to maintain any gains they've already gotten this season. Because they're already greening up, a hard frost can set you back again."  
    From my perspective, we are in uncharted territory. Some golf courses in Michigan have been open since February 18, while in some places they are still under a foot of snow."
     
    What is this late cold snap going to mean? At least in the South, that's a really good question.   "What is going to happen? We don't have a handle on what will happen when you go warm to cold to warm," Horvath said. "If you use covers (on greens), you should do OK with hard freeze situations.   "New, green tissue could slough off and die. The plant can grow new tissue from the stolon, but how many times will that happen before it hinders the plant's ability to recover? I don't think anyone knows the answer to that."   Research at the University of Tennessee has shown that late fall applications of Civitas have helped turf resist stress related to cold temperatures and remain green deeper into the calendar.   Many superintendents in areas typically under cover of snow in December, January and February have been in full golf mode for much of the past month. And that actually might be a bonus moving into spring, Frank said.   "Everyone is so alert because of how early spring started, that if something happens they're ready for it," Frank said. "I don't know if completely out of the realm. In 2011-2012, you could have played golf all winter."  
  • Curtis Nickerson once said that good golf course equipment managers were in such high demand in South Florida, that superintendents tried to keep the great ones under wraps. Once the word got out that someone had an exception wrench-turner, superintendents from other courses almost made a game of cherry-picking each others mechanics.   In the spirit of full disclosure, if you have a great equipment manager, someone who makes your operation run as smooth as a finely tuned engine, we want to hear about him, or her as the case may be.   If your equipment tech is great or just plain good, nominate him (or her) for TurfNet's 2017 Technician of the Year Award, presented by The Toro Company.   The winner will receive the Golden Wrench Award (a real gold-plated wrench) from TurfNet and a weeklong training session at Toro's Service Training University at the company's headquarters in Bloomington, Minnesota.   The Golden Wrench Award is the original award for golf course equipment managers. Criteria on which nominees are judged include: crisis management; effective budgeting; environmental awareness; helping to further and promote the careers of colleagues and employees; interpersonal communications; inventory management and cost control; overall condition and dependability of rolling stock; shop safety; and work ethic.   In other words, tell us what makes your technician worthy, with specific examples of what he or she has accomplished. The more we know, the better your tech's chances of getting noticed.   CLICK HERE to submit a nomination using our online form. All finalists and the winner will be profiled on TurfNet.   Deadline for nominations is April 30.   Previous winners are (2016) Kris Bryan, Pikewood National Golf Club, Morgantown, WV; (2015) Robert Smith, Merion Golf Club, Ardmore, PA; (2014) Lee Medeiros, Timber Creek and Sierra Pines Golf Courses, Roseville, CA; (2013) Brian Sjögren, Corral de Tierra Country Club, Corral de Tierra, CA; (2012) Kevin Bauer, Prairie Bluff Golf Club, Crest Hill, IL; (2011) Jim Kilgallon, The Connecticut Golf Club, Easton, CT; (2010) Herb Berg, Oakmont (PA) Country Club; (2009) Doug Johnson, TPC at Las Colinas, Irving, TX; (2007) Jim Stuart, Stone Mountain (GA) Golf Club; (2006) Fred Peck, Fox Hollow and The Homestead, Lakewood, CO; (2005) Jesus Olivas, Heritage Highlands at Dove Mountain, Marana, AZ; (2004) Henry Heinz, Kalamazoo (MI) Country Club; (2003) Eric Kulaas, Marriott Vinoy Renaissance Resort, Sarasota, FL. No award in 2008.
  • When Jim Pavonetti, CGCS, applied for a spot in the 2015 Syngenta Business Institute, he did so not to learn more about agronomy, but to develop and polish his management and business skills.   "The reason I came is because this deals with things that are outside of our wheelhouse," said Pavonetti of Fairview Country Club in Greenwich, Connecticut. "Making greens great is what we do, but managing boards and owners, those are the kinds of things we can improve upon."   Golf course superintendents seeking to enhance their business acumen can now apply for the 2017 Syngenta Business Institute, an intensive four-day program designed to grow the professional knowledge of golf course superintendents and assist them with managing their courses. Through a partnership with the Wake Forest University School of Business, the program provides graduate school-level instruction in financial management, human resource management, negotiating, managing across generations and cultural divides, impact hiring and other leadership- and professional-development skills.   "We're negotiating every day," Pavonetti said, "whether it's buying chemicals or fertilizers, or working with the finance committee over next year's budget, or selling projects to committees."   The ninth annual SBI is scheduled for Dec. 4-7, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Syngenta receives nearly 100 applications annually, but only about 25 superintendents are chosen to attend the program.   "I have attended many conferences and educational sessions in my career, but the Syngenta Business Institute is one of the most unique and rewarding experiences I have ever been part of," said 2015 SBI attendee John Cunningham, CGCS at Bellerive Country Club in St. Louis. "Golf course superintendents are truly responsible for running a business. Having the opportunity to attend three days of business classes focused on the many challenges we face as superintendents was unbelievable. Spending time with other superintendents was beneficial and walking away with best management practices, tools and solutions to help some of these problems was awesome."   To apply, visit GreenCastOnline.com/SBI. Application deadline is Aug. 15, and those selected to attend will be notified in October.  
  • This has been anything but a typical winter for Brian Conlon.   An assistant for the past three years at Miacomet Golf Club on Nantucket Island, Conlon usually spends the winter months keeping busy with offseason projects.    That was then; this is now.   This winter, Conlon, 25, has kept busy helping manage the golf course at one of Mexico's most posh resorts that is a retreat for wealthy business people and Hollywood celebrities.   "There are some locals who play every weekend, so we had to keep the course playable. But we spent a lot of time on projects like brush-cutting and controlled burns," Conlon said. "It wasn't anything I needed to be there for."   If he was going to become a better manager and agronomist and eventually a head superintendent, Conlon figured there had to be a better way to spend the winter. That's when superintendent Ryan Scotto reached out to a friend and former colleague working in Mexico to see if he needed help during the busy winter season.   "Nantucket is a summer destination, so a lot of people work here in summer and leave in winter.  Golf pros do it so why couldn't assistants?" Scotto said. "He brought up the idea of going somewhere warm but still working on a golf course. I thought it was a great idea and wanted him to go somewhere he would keep learning through the winter."   Since December, Conlon has been working as an assistant at El Dorado Golf and Beach Club in San Jose del Cabo working under Mitch Peterson. Scotto and Peterson worked together at the Valley Club of Montecito, in California, where they learned at the knee of Roger Robarge.   Today, Conlon is a little more than halfway through a four-month gig at El Dorado, where he is learning to push Bermudagrass greens more than he ever thought possible. Originally, Conlon was going to return to the U.S. in mid-March to start a new job as an assistant at Burning Tree Country Club in Greenwich, Connecticut, but Peterson convinced him to stay through El Dorado's biggest event of the year - Pins & Fins in late April.    It is a career-development route that Conlon recommends to other assistants aspiring to become a head superintendent.   "Don't be afraid to reach out to a superintendent looking for good help," Conlon said. "It's worth looking worth looking into for you and the superintendent.   "I'm down here gaining more experience and learning how another superintendent does things, and I'm also building up my professional network of superintendents."   Conlon paid his own way to Mexico and officially is an employee of El Dorado while he is working there.     It was important to Scotto to promote his assistant's career development, but to do so in a way that benefited all involved.   "There was also a level of trust involved," Scotto said. "I wouldn't have recommended someone to Mitch that I didn't support and wouldn't have sent Brian somewhere he wouldn't have learned from. Mitch and I have similar management styles, so I knew he would be a good fit."   Maintenance standards at El Dorado are off the chart, with daily green speeds around 13, or higher if there is an event coming up.   "The majority of clients at private and public courses in Mexican tourist destinations are Americans or Canadians," Peterson said. "These tourists are looking for equivalent of higher conditioning from their courses from home."   Conlon wasn't sure what that "higher conditioning" meant when he arrived in Mexico, but he knows now.   "The greens haven't been under 12.5 since I've been here," Conlon said. "For the first tournament, they were too fast to Stimp. We couldn't get them to stay on the ridge. If you rolled one way, there was not enough room to go down and back. They had to be about a 15.   "This is a high-end course where everything has to be perfect every day, because you never know who is going to be playing here,"   Conlon believes working non-stop throughout the year at a second property with intense expectations is helping him prepare not only for his next job at Burning Tree, but beyond in his quest to one day be a head superintendent.  
    I think I can honestly say this is the most valuable thing I've done in my career so far."
     
    "When you have the ability to manipulate greens, you can do anything on a golf course," he said.   "I think I can honestly say this is the most valuable thing I've done in my career so far."   Peterson believes in today's tight job market that others could benefit from the same career choice that Conlon has made.   "Brian taking the opportunity to come down here shows that he's really focused on developing as much as he can and is hungry to succeed," Peterson said.    "Instead of sitting in the Northeast all winter not working he chose to come down here to grow and keep working. He has had the opportunity to see a different course and will pick up tons of useful tricks and tips. Some things are local to this course, but some things he will carry with him for the rest of his career. Brain has seen how we can produce incredible playing conditions in a different environment than he is used to. This will set him apart from the average Joe back home. You can't name one thing that would be a negative from the opportunity he pursued."  
     
  • After nearly two decades managing the greens at Oakmont Country Club, John Zimmers was named superintendent at the Inverness Club in Toledo, Ohio.
     
    Zimmers, the 2007 TurfNet Superintendent of the Year award winner, takes over for his former protege Chad Mark, CGCS. Mark, who won the TurfNet award in 2013 while at The Kirtland Country Club near Cleveland. Mark took over at Inverness last year, and recently accepted the job at Muirfield Village Golf Club in Dublin, Ohio after Paul B. Latshaw, CGCS, moved on to Merion Golf Club near Philadelphia to fill the void left after Matt Shaffer's retirement.
     
    Whew!
     
    He will begin his new position June 3.
     
    At Oakmont, Zimmers, 45, oversaw course conditioning for the U.S. Open in 2007 and 2016, the U.S. Women's Open in 2010 and the 2003 U.S. Amateur.
     
    Inverness has been the site of four U.S. Open Championships (1920, '31, '57, '79), a pair of PGA Championships (1986, '93), two U.S. Senior Open Championships (2003, '11) and the 1973 U.S. Amateur.
     
    Next up for Inverness and Zimmers will the be the 2019 U.S. Junior Amateur and the Solheim Cup in 2021.
  • Every year, the first major of the golf season is greeted by birds chirping (real or not), and seas of pink and white azaleas that make The Masters Tournament more event than golf tournament.   Indeed, when Augusta National talks, the golf world listens. But there are some things that even Augusta cannot control, like Mother Nature.   According to published reports, unseasonably warm temperatures this winter have catapulted the clubs famed azalea bushes into full bloom more than a month before this years championship that is scheduled for April 3-9.    It was first reported in late February that the azaleas were in bloom early and that those expecting Augustas typical spectrum of pinks, whites and reds probably would be in for a drab color palette come April. Azaleas, according to the Azalea Society of America, typically bloom for about two weeks.   With temperatures soaring this winter and expected to remain above average off and on over the next few weeks, it does not appear much is going to happen to put the azalea bloom into a stall.   The average daily high in Augusta was 71 degrees in February, which is 11 degrees above the historic average, and average temperatures in January were almost 9 degrees above normal, according to the National Weather Service.    This year would not be the first time the tournament was played without its signature azaleas. Many already had bloomed and wilted on parts of the course prior to the 2012 tournament.  
  • Playbooks for Golf just made it easier for superintendents to communicate with golfers about hole-by-hole course conditions - without ever talking face to face.   Known as Conditions, this easy-to-use software platform helps superintendents communicate in real time to golfers through via a mobile app downloaded to their smartphone. Superintendents can provide updates on specific conditions throughout the property and point out highlights of the course that are communicated to golfers through a push-notification system. Conditions also allows superintendents to declare specific areas of the course off limits through geo-fencing capabilities.   "The reason we developed this simple and very-easy-to-use platform is because we have seen over and over again a lack of communication between golfers and the maintenance of the golf course," said Playbooks for Golf co-owner Greg Wojick. "First came postings in the locker room, then email blasts which transformed into blogs and twitter feeds. The problem with all of them is that they require the golfer to visit them on their own. In particular, maintenance blogs and Twitter have become more of a sharing environment between turf professionals, and golfers get left behind or not engaged. With Conditions, we take the critical course information straight to golfers' phones where they can easily see the entire operation, even hole by hole, in a great app format."   Once installed, the mobile app even can send notifications to specific user groups such as a green committee.   The superintendent is provided with a custom-built and easy-to-use content-management system where they can update anything about the course status at any time and is as easy as writing a text or tweet and guarantees the vast majority of golfers are in-the-know about the course as they play.   "People are now used to receiving multiple notifications or alerts on their phone daily and even hourly," said Playbooks for Golf other co-owner, Matt Leverich. "Instead of hoping you are reaching the target audience, you can be certain with Conditions."   Playbooks takes care of everything on the setup, including submitting to the app stores and populating the app with the course's custom content.   
  • Who knows whether it was fate, luck or divine intervention that brought Chenchen Gu and Steve Agin together at The Club at Ruby Hill in Pleasanton, California? What is important is that each recognized a golden opportunity when they saw it.
      A native of Yibin City in China's Sichuan province, Chenchen, or Gail as she's known by her American friends, has been Agin's second assistant at Ruby Hill since graduating from Ohio State with a master's in turfgrass management last May. During her time at Ruby Hill, she also has become an extended addition to Agin's family. The superintendent at Ruby Hill for the past 16 years, Agin spent several years early in his career in Asia. His wife, Sylvia, is from China, and the couple's knowledge of eastern culture has helped 24-year-old Gail acclimate to life in America outside the academic bubble.   "(America) still is a new environment, and it's better to have friends here," said Gail, 24, who speaks English like a native. "If I have problems, I know I can talk to Steve. He understands the Chinese culture."   The two first met at the 2015 Golf Industry Show in San Antonio when Gail was helping translate for another Chinese national who Agin was interviewing for an assistant's position. That candidate didn't get the job, but Agin and Gail stayed in touch when he returned to California and she went back to Columbus, Ohio.   It was her professional drive and determination that caught Agin's attention.   More than once, Gail expressed to colleagues, instructors and professors her goal to be the first woman from China to become a head golf course superintendent in the United States. It is a goal that Matt Williams, program coordinator at the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation Research and Education Center at Ohio State, believes is within reach.    "I know that she misses her family, but realizes that the opportunity to achieve this professional goal is here in the United States," Williams said.    "She was involved in all aspects of our operation, from mowing, fertilizer and pesticide applications, to irrigation repair and equipment maintenance. She has a very scientific and analytical mind. She would look at every situation as a problem that had a solution, and that it was her job to solve that problem. It didn't matter if it was fertilizer calculation or properly installing parking blocks at the facility."   As a student at China's Sichuan Agricultural University, Gail came to the United States in 2012 as part of the Michigan State China Program, and earned a bachelor's degree in East Lansing two years later. Graduate school was a natural path for Gail, whose parents both are college administrators in China.   "I think it's more about Chinese culture than anything," she said. "There you are always told that a higher degree means more opportunities after you graduate. My parents were always very supportive of me going to graduate school."   By all accounts, Gail was a shining star at Ohio State.   "Her whole focus and what she liked to talk about was golf course management," said OSU professor Karl Danneberger, Ph.D.  "I think she really loves the profession."   As Gail's time there was winding down, naturally she began to think about "what's next?"    Like so many other superintendents, Agin has struggled to find enough help, so he thought he'd try something different. He recalled Gail was nearing graduation, so he offered her a job at Ruby Hill, the Arcis Golf property about 30 miles east of Oakland where he has been superintendent for the past 16 years.    "I spent 10 years overseas, and in that time I developed an affinity for Asian culture. If I didn't have that experience, our paths probably never would have crossed," Agin said. "I was impressed by her enthusiasm for the industry. I was drawn to that. That is what we try to foster, that spark. I saw that in her."   During an in-person interview in California, Agin pulled out all the stops in trying to convince Gail to leave Ohio in the rearview mirror.   "I told her there is better Chinese food here than there is in Columbus," he said. "When she came out here for a visit, we swung by a Chinese grocery store. I think that sealed the deal."  
    "I told her there is better Chinese food here than there is in Columbus," he said. "When she came out here for a visit, we swung by a Chinese grocery store. I think that sealed the deal."
      All kidding aside, hiring a female assistant - let alone one from the other side of the planet - is not something Agin took lightly.   When Gail moved from Ohio to the West Coast, her parents came from China to make the cross-country trip with her - by car.   "I don't know if it was translated perfectly for them, but I assured them that I would keep an eye on her," Agin said. "She is their only child. "I promised them that I would keep an eye on her.   "When you meet parents of someone in your charge, you want to reassure them that everything is going to be and that we will take care of her."   Obviously close to her parents, Gail talks with her parents by phone just about every day and visits China for several weeks each year. And when she goes Agin holds his breath until she returns, hoping that the pull to move home does not win out over her goal to revolutionize the golf turf management world.   After all, Gail isn't just an employee. She's now part of Agin's family.   "It's been a journey, striking a relationship and finding some commonality," Agin said. "I was an ex-pat in China, she is an ex-pat here. To me this is a little deeper than just hiring a college graduate from out of state."
  • When the big clubs come calling, usually it is pretty easy to fill an open superintendent's position. More often than not, search committees enjoy an embarrassment of riches as they are  inundated with applicants.   Not every golf facility has it so easy.    When Tom Hsieh needed a new superintendent at Gleneagles Golf Club, he didn't have the luxury of sifting through hundreds of resumes. He had two, and neither had any experience as a superintendent, an assistant or even as an intern.    "We are as basic as it gets," said Hsieh, whose company, Gleneagles Golf Partners, has the management contract on the property. "We don't have the support systems and career pathways and long-term traditional growth some clubs offer. But we do offer an opportunity for explosive growth for someone who wants to take a chance and who wants to do everything at a golf course that is beloved in this region.   "I need a guy who wants to work hard, learn and not leave this golf course any time soon."   His new superintendent, Joshuwa Otto, hails from San Jose Country Club, where he was a groundskeeper on Pete Bachman's crew.   "He wasn't the assistant or an intern, and I knew that I wasn't going to get that with what I had to offer," Hsieh said. "I am the bottom rung, the first rung on the ladder, and we are feeling the pressure of the job market."   A city-owned nine-hole layout on San Francisco's scruffy southeast side, Gleneagles is the pre-ball version of Cinderella. A 1962 Jack Fleming design, she toils, forgotten, with a mop and bucket, while her spoiled stepsisters Sharp Park and TPC Harding Park wile away the hours preparing for their inevitable meeting with destiny.   While the city and the Tour dote over Sharp and Harding, Gleneagles fights tooth and nail for scraps. A recent accord with a labor union that provides low-cost help on the golf course while providing at-risk workers a valuable trade, has helped lead a revival at Gleneagles, which Hsieh believes is on its way to becoming the belle of the ball for a surrounding community in need of hope.   He has workers and the backing of several community leaders and agencies who recognize both the need to maintain a civic gem that is Gleneagles, while at the same time using it as a training ground to improve the lives of some of the city's forgotten residents.   Otto is taking over for former superintendent Gabriel Castilla, who left after seven years for a position as foreman at The Presidio.   Eventually, the goal is for Otto to run everything, from the golf course to the golf shop and bar, and everything in between. But for now, he's learning to run the golf course. The job of tending bar, collecting green fees and even mowing fairways and roughs has fallen on the shoulders of Gleneagles' starters/bartenders (who are one in the same).  
    In the long term, we want the property to be more than a golf course. It has to be a community resource, an academy to help the under-employed and under-served communities."
     
    The idea of combining tasks, and thus offering more hours (and more money) to the same group, Hsieh said, was the idea of Thomas Bastis, CGCS. Superintendent at The California Golf Club of San Francisco, Bastis is not only Hsieh's friend, but also has been his agronomic mentor and consultant for most of the past decade.   "They go from pouring a manhattan, to taking green fees and get you on your way, to cutting cups and mowing fairways before their shift starts," Hsieh said.   "They love the course, and they are who I want here on this land because they are trying to make this experience the best it can be for our customers."   Three years ago, Hsieh realized he had to do something different if he was going to keep Gleneagles open. The course, which has to be self sufficient since it is not funded by the city, had entered into a death spiral of declining play, revenue and conditions.    Without golfers coming in the door, there was no money to invest in the golf course. Without investments in improved playing conditions, golfers weren't coming back. It was a scene that has been played out on hundreds of courses nationwide in the past decade.   That's when Hsieh and a local trade union reached an agreement to provide laborers for the golf course from the city's at risk community. Gleneagles receives low-cost help in six-week blocks a few times a year, and those workers receive union-backed apprenticeship training and a support network that helps them on the road to full-time employment when they "graduate" from Gleneagles.   It's a win-win-win situation for Hsieh, who receives the help he needs, workers who have hope where before there was none and the community that has its golf course back.   "In the long term, we want the property to be more than a golf course," he said. "It has to be a community resource, an academy to help the under-employed and under-served communities."   The community wants Gleneagles to survive. Hsieh already offers FootGolf on the property and recently, he fielded inquiries about carving a disc golf course out of the property. Hsieh had his doubts. He told the disc golf crowd, which typically plays for free in public parks, that they'd have to pay a fee at Gleneagles to help offset the cost of labor at this revenue-starved facility.    Hsieh established an Indiego.com crowd-funding account anyway to gauge whether there was any real interest. He set a goal of $10,000 to help cover the cost of buying baskets and other equipment and clearing land for the routing. To his surprise, that goal was reached in three hours.    "These are the kinds of things small golf courses that don't have big bucks have to do to get creative and survive," he said.    "We will have it bookended: We'll have the least expensive round of golf and the most expensive disc golf round in San Francisco."  
  • When the 2020 Summer OIympics go to Tokyo, at least officials there won't have to create a new golf course for the event. That doesn't mean there aren't challenges to address between now and then.   Kasumigaseki Country Club traditionally has been a men's only club, but that practice appears to be changing, according to the International Olympic Committee. In January, club officials announced that there were no plans to change their membership policy of excluding women from having full golf privileges.    That potential shift in policy is in response to a directive from the IOC chief telling the club to become more accepting of women, or else the games' governing body will find somewhere else to play in three years.   "Our principles are based on non-discrimination, that's the position we've made quite clear," said IOC vice president John Coates in several published reports.   "There has been progress - as recently as this week there have been more discussions with the club (to suggest) it's heading in the right direction for them to have a non-discriminatory membership procedure."   Built in 1929, Kasumigaseki Country Club underwent a 2014 restoration by Tom Fazio.   The choice of a men's only facility for an event that will include competition for the worlds best women players seems curious at best, and the club and the IOC have come under fire from several fronts in the past six weeks. At least one group inside Japan dedicated to advancing women's rights issues already has demanded the competition be moved, and Lydia Ko, one of the LPGAs brightest young stars also has spoken out about hoping the matter is resolved soon.   The issue wasn't even part of the news cycle until mid-January when Tokyo Gov. Yuriko Koike publicly urged the club to admit women as full members, according to The Associated Press.   Coates told reporters he hoped the situation would be resolved by this summer, otherwise the IOC will be forced to find a new venue. The IOC does not have a hard deadline for the club to change its policy, but hopes the matter can be resolved by this summer.  
  • There's a saying that "you don't know what you don't know."    Loosely translated, it means that it is near impossible to understand the depth of a topic without a basic grasp of the facts. Never has that been more true than with the study of weather, or climatology or whatever label one cares to apply.   There was a TV weatherman in Cincinnati in the 1960s and '70s  who almost made a joke of how often forecasts, including his own, were incorrect. Those self-deprecating forecasts centered around a small bell hanging on the wall of meteorologist Todd Hunter's set and a number system next to it that was not unlike the one's used to hold a place in line at a supermarket deli or the DMV. A sign hanging next to the numbered tags read "gongless days."    Each time Hunter made a correct forecast, a number was pulled counting how many consecutive days he was right. When he missed on the previous day's weather forecast, he'd ring the bell and turn the count back to zero. More times than not, Hunter was haunted by that bell.   More than 40 years later, not much has changed in the way scientists predict the weather. Thus, their ability to run together a string of gongless days hasn't improved much since Todd Hunter struggled with it in the days when The Beatles were still kickin' out vinyl.   The fact that weather is an inexact science should be a warning to golf course superintendents not to take too much for granted, especially in California, says Craig Kessler, director of government affairs for the Southern California Golf Association.  
    The bottom line, with 140 years of weather data, we have no clue how to predict weather patterns."
     
    For years, California was mired in what has been called one of the worst droughts in the state's history. Nowadays, the drought seems like a distant memory. Reservoirs around the state are full or nearly full, and most currently are holding much more than the historic average, according to California's Department of Water Resources. One in particular, the dam at Lake Oroville, recently has been in the news for because of a failing spillway that has sent millions of gallons of water down the Feather River and is a reminder of just how wet it is in California.   Weather forecasts this year and last have gotten it mostly wrong regarding the rain in California, meaning meteorologists probably wouldn't have earned many gongless days under the old Todd Hunter model.   "Last winter, they predicted rain with warm Pacific waters in an El Nino pattern, and we had a dry year," Kessler said. "This year, it was supposed to be the opposite. But we've had, in essence, straight-shot warm, tropical water that we were supposed to get under the El Nino, but that we're getting in a La Nina. The bottom line, with 140 years of weather data, we have no clue how to predict weather patterns."   The snowpack in the upper elevations of the Sierra Nevada, which provides much of the state's drinking water through the State Water Project, is at 173 percent of average and has replenished more than one-third of the state's snow-water deficit, according to the information from the California Department of Water Resources. Even Southern California, which derives much of its potable supply from the above-mentioned State Water Project as well the now full Colorado River basin, has been getting rain.    Rainfall totals since October are up by 75 percent in Los Angeles and 60 percent in Palm Springs.   So, what is a golf course superintendent to do? Conduct business as if the drought were still in effect, say two of the state's leading experts on golf course irrigation matters, th  
    Short term, this is a God send of relief. . . . In the long term, nothing really changes. Golf has a powerful incentive to continue to reduce its water footprint."
     
    Although the drought officially is over for much of the state, efforts to conserve water and find additional ways to cut back are as important as ever, because while impoundments holding surface water are full, underground aquifers are not. Even if California has several more rainy winters, it will take years, if ever, to replenish the state's groundwater supplies.   Californians believing their days of using less water are over, are fooling themselves.    "Short term, this is a God send of relief," Kessler said.    "If we get into a drought again, and we will, water for recreation is one of the first things that goes. We get some consideration over parks, but not much. In the long term, nothing really changes. Golf has a powerful incentive to continue to reduce its water footprint."   Ali Harivandi, Ph.D., tells a similar message. The former University of California extension specialist and arguably the country's leading expert on reclaimed water, Harivandi still tells superintendents they should be managing water as if they are in the throes of drought.   "I caution everyone, especially in golf and turf in general, to continue what they have been doing, because it is confined business, and it cannot survive without good water. (Superintendents) should continue their efforts to reduce water use; continue and actually be more aggressive," Harivandi said. "I've been in this business for close to 40 years, and it's like a broken record: We have five or six years of major drought, and everybody and their cousins become environmentalists. Turf is the first prime material that becomes the villain, and golf is an easy target. Then as soon as the rain comes, everyone forgets about it."   Gary Ingram, CGCS, at Metropolitan Golf Links in Oakland is taking that message to heart.   With a sizeable portion of its irrigation water coming from groundwater aquifers, Metropolitan Golf Links had it better than most during the drought. Still, that didn't stop Ingram from cutting back his water use when he wasn't required to do so.   He turned off water to 20 acres that previously were irrigated, including out-of-play areas and the driving range, simply by shutting off the tap and making modifications to sprinkler heads.   Reducing irrigated acreage has been part of Ingram's turf management philosophy since he became a superintendent in the 1970s.   "We mandated ourselves to do what is right," Ingram said. "We reduced consumption because it was the right thing to do."  
    I caution everyone, especially in golf and turf in general, to continue what they have been doing, because it is confined business, and it cannot survive without good water."
     
    As president of the California GCSA, Ingram is positioned to make a difference moving forward. It's an opportunity he is not taking lightly. He is working with other superintendents throughout California, university professors and members of the California Alliance for Golf in establishing a state BMP template that colleagues from the Oregon stateline to the Mexico border can use to help save even more water in the future.   With the recent release at the Golf Industry Show of the GCSAA-led BMP template that was completed by scientists at the University of Florida, the California contingent plans to use that national BMP to help draft their own plan.   Water will be just one part of that template, but it will be an important one nonetheless.   "What is important is that we look at the golf industry as part of the community," Ingram said. "And we have to look at water as a commodity that is important to the community. We have to do what's right. That means not only being aware of how much water we use, but where it goes, as well."   Whatever Ingram and the rest of the BMP task force come up with in regards to water use, Harivandi says the goal should be an ambitious one because of the threat of future drought and the state's groundwater crisis. He recommends golf courses further reduce the amount of irrigated land over the next several years, and he's pointing to an ambitious NASA project as proof that just about anything is possible.   "If golf courses want to stay viable, every golf course superintendent, owner and manager should be thinking about how they can reduce the amount of irrigated land by 50 percent by 2025. It's not impossible. If they're talking about putting someone on Mars by 2023, then I think we can do this," Harivandi said.    "It's not reducing water use by 50 percent; it's reducing the amount of land that is watered by 50 percent."   Such a plan would yield much more than just savings in the monthly water bill, says Harivandi.   "They will not only reduce their water footprint, but will also reduce inputs (including) fertilizers, pesticides, mowing, aerating, labor etc," he said. "That means significant reductions in maintenance costs.  The price of water is also steadily increasing everywhere."  

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